Quistes óseos de localizacion inusual como causa de lumbalgia crónica en adultos / Bone cyst of unusual location as a cause of chronic back pain in adults

Se presenta el caso de un paciente con quistes en el hueso iliaco como causa atípica de lumbalgia crónica a la cual se puede enfrentar el reumatólogo, y se hará una revisión de la literatura sobre los tipos de quistes óseos y sus diagnósticos diferenciales. También se hará mención de sus opciones de tratamiento.

The case of a patient with cysts in the iliac bone is presented as an atypical cause of chronic low back pain that the rheumatologist may face, and a review of the literature on the types of bone cysts and their differential diagnoses will be made. Mention will also be made of your treatment options.

Quiste óseo solitario maxilar y mandibular. Reporte de un caso y revisión de la literatura / Maxillary and mandibular solitary bone cyst. Case report and literature review

Resumen El quiste óseo solitario es una lesión benigna cuyo origen sigue siendo hasta hoy desconocido, siendo el traumatismo la principal teoría de su origen, atribuido a un sangrado intraóseo, el cual no permite la reparación ósea, lo que conlleva a la formación de una cavidad quística con contenido serohemático sin revestimiento epitelial siendo la mandíbula la más afectada en la mayoría de los casos; se presenta en pacientes entre 20 y 30 años, con prevalencia por género masculino, asintomática, de crecimiento lento y desplazamiento de corticales, pudiendo producir fracturas patológicas mandibulares, su hallazgo es incidental durante el examen radiográfico, observándose como una imagen radiolúcida uni- o multilocular, con bordes definidos, sin zona esclerótica. Estudios complementarios de tomografía y resonancia magnética, han mostrado que estas cavidades no necesariamente están ocupadas por líquido, sino que puede haber gas o estar vacías. Se debe de hacer diagnóstico diferencial con quiste dentígero, ameloblastoma, tumor odontogénico queratinizante, tumor odontogénico epitelial calcificante, tumor odontogénico adenomatoide.

Abstract Solitary bone cyst is a benign lesion of unknown origin up to the present date. Its origin is mainly attribute to trauma theory, caused by intra-osseous bleeding which prevents bone repair, causing thus a cystic cavity with serous hematic content lacking epithelial lining. In most cases, the lower jaw is the most affected. It is observed in patients with ages ranging 20-30 years, generally male, it is an asymptomatic, slow-growing entity which progresses toward the cortical plates; it can cause pathological mandible fractures. Its discovery is usually incidental during a radiographic examination. It appears as a radiolucent, unilocular ormultilocular image, with well -defined borders, lacking sclerotic areas. Additional tomography and magnetic resonance studies have revealed that these cavities are not necessarily taken up by fluids: there can be presence of gas, or they could be empty. A differential diagnosis must be established to discard dentigerous cysts, ameloblastoma, keratinizing odontogenic tumor, calcifying epithelial tumor or adenomatoid odontogenic tumor.

Quiste óseo solitario mandibular. Reporte de un caso y revisión de la literatura / Solitary mandibular bone cyst. Case report and literature review

El quiste óseo solitario de la mandíbula es una cavidad intraósea sin recubrimiento epitelial, considerado un pseudoquiste, ha recibido diversas denominaciones debido a su etiología y patogenia inciertas como quiste óseo traumático, quiste óseo solitario y quiste óseo idiopático. Clínicamente suele ser una lesión asintomática, muestra bordes festoneados cuando está localizado entre las raíces dentales, es una cavidad vacía pero puede contener sangre, fluido seroso o serohemático y es descubierta en exámenes radiológicos de rutina. En este artículo se presenta un caso de quiste óseo solitario localizado en el cuerpo mandibular que acomete a un paciente femenino de 17 años de edad con tetralogía de Fallot, revelando aspectos clínicos, diagnósticos e imagenológicos y tratamiento.

Solitary bone cyst of the mandible is an intra-osseous cavity lacking epithelial lining considered a pseudocyst. Due to its uncertain etiology and pathogenesis, it has received several names such as traumatic bone cyst or idiopathic bone cyst. From a clinical perspective, it is oftentimes an asymptomatic lesion, with festooned borders when located between dental roots. It is an empty cavity but might contain blood, serous or serous-hematic fluid and can be perceived in routine X-ray examinations. The present article describes the case of a solitary bone cyst located in the body of the mandible of a 17-year old female patient. Afflicted with Fallot's tetralogy. Clinical, diagnostic and radiologic aspects as well as treatment are described.

Bony window approach for a traumatic bone cyst on the mandibular condyle: a case report with long-term follow-up

Traumatic bone cyst (TBC) occurs preferentially on the mandibular symphysis and body, but rarely on the mandibular condyle. When TBC occurs in the condylar area, it can usually be related with or misdiagnosed as a temporomandibular joint disorder. A 15-year-old female patient visited the Temporomandibular Joint Clinic with a 5-year history of pain and noise localized in the left temporomandibular joint. On imaging, a well demarked oval-shaped radiolucent lesion was observed on the left condyle head. The patient underwent cyst enucleation and repositioning of the bony window on the lateral cortex of the affected condyle head under the impression of subchondral cyst or TBC; however, no cystic membrane was found. The bone defect resolved and showed no recurrence on the serial radiographic postoperative follow-up for 43 months after surgery.

Reconstrucción con injerto autólogo no vascularizado de peroné posterior a resección de quiste óseo simple en segundo metatarsiano: a propósito de un caso / Reconstruction with non-vascularized autologous fibula graft after resection of simple bone cyst in the second metatarsal: a case report

El quiste óseo simple es una patología pseudotumoral características de las dos primeras décadas de la vida, localizada principalmente en húmero o fémur. La localización metatarsiana es considerada rara. El peroné puede ser utilizado para reconstrucción de defectos óseos. Se realizó estudio observacional, descriptivo, en el Hospital Dr. Adolfo Pons de Maracaibo, Edo Zulia, Venezuela, donde presentamos paciente femenino de 12 años de edad, en quien se reconstruyó defecto óseo metatarsiano producto de resección de quiste simple, mediante injerto no vascularizado de peroné. Se obtuvo consolidación e integración total de injerto con resultado funcional excelente(AU)

Simple bone cyst is a pseudotumoral condition that when coming up, it usually occurs during the first two decades of life, mainly located in the humerus or femur. The metatarsal location is considered rare. The fibula can be used for bone defects reconstruction. An observational and descriptive study was conducted at Dr. Adolfo Pons Hospital, in which we present a 12 years old patient who underwent a second metatarsal bone defect reconstruction with a non-vascularized fibular graft after resection of a simple cyst. Graft consolidation and total integration were obtained with excellent functional outcome(AU)

Unusual Aggressive Radiographic Appearance of Simple Bone Cyst (A Case Report and Review of Literature).

Aim: This study reports a rare case of simple bone cyst (SBC) with a radiographic behavior similar to malignancies and a mixed internal structure in a 43 year-old woman who presented to a dental office with clinical symptoms. Presentation of Case: A 43 year-old woman presented to a dental office with chief complaint of pain at left mandibular molars for almost 2 months. She was wearing a cervical collar for some spine problems. The panoramic x-ray showed a radiolucent lesion with well defined non-corticated borders in periapical region of the mandibular left first molar (tooth 36). The tooth was vital. Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) images showed a lytic lesion with well defined noncorticated borders that destructs the lingual cortical wall without any sign of expansion to soft tissues. The upper border of the mandibular canal was unclear and seemed destructed by the lesion. The internal structure of the lesion seemed mixed. Three months later, the patient reported numbness of her lower lip. CBCT showed an enlargement of the lesion and the presence of buccal cortical perforation was seen. On biopsy the lesion was diagnosed as a Simple Bone Cyst (SBC). Discussion: SBC is often a benign lesion which appears as a radiolucent lesion with scalloped corticated borders. Adversely, current case showS a mixed lesion with buccal and lingual cortical perforation and rapid growth .the concomitant pain, the lower lip numbness and the radiographic appearance suggest the probability of an aggressive local condition or a malignancy Conclusion: SBC may have various radiographic presentations, unusual SBCs (or Traumatic bone cysts TBCs) may show aggressive radiographic characters. In these cases, biopsy and pathological features are necessary for diagnosis.

Cisto ósseo simples: relatos de casos / Simple bone cyst: case reports

Geralmente diagnosticado em radiografias de rotina, o cisto ósseo simples ocorre com pouca freqüência. A etiologia é desconhecida e o diagnóstico diferencial pode estar associado com cisto dentígero, tumor odontogênico ceratocístico, tumor odontogênico adenomatóide, ameloblastoma e granuloma central de células gigantes. O tratamento é cirúrgico, através de perfuração do osso cortical. Na maioria dos casos, de uma cavidade vazia, sem qualquer cápsula ou revestimento epitelial, são encontrados, mas pode ter conteúdo líquido. A perfuração do osso cortical mandibular provoca uma resposta que resulta com a reparação óssea da cavidade vazia. Este artigo analisa o assunto e apresenta dois casos desta entidade e discute os possíveis fatores interferentes no processo de cura da lesão... (AU)

Usually diagnosed in routine radiographs, the simple bone cyst occurs infrequently. Etiology is unknown and differential diagnosis has to be made with dentigerous cyst, keratocystic odontogenic tumor, adenomatoid odontogenic tumor, ameloblastoma and central giant cell granuloma. Treatment is surgical, by perforating the cortical bone. In most cases an empty cavity, without any capsule or epithelial covering, is encountered, but it may have a liquid content. Perforation of the mandibular cortical bone elicits a response that results in bone repair of the empty cavity. This article reviews the subject and presents two cases of this entity and discusses the possible factors that could interfere in healing course... (AU)

Determining the Best Treatment for Simple Bone Cyst: A Decision Analysis

BACKGROUND: The treatment of simple bone cysts (SBC) in children varies significantly among physicians. This study examined which procedure is better for the treatment of SBC, using a decision analysis based on current published evidence. METHODS: A decision tree focused on five treatment modalities of SBC (observation, steroid injection, autologous bone marrow injection, decompression, and curettage with bone graft) were created. Each treatment modality was further branched, according to the presence and severity of complications. The probabilities of all cases were obtained by literature review. A roll back tool was utilized to determine the most preferred treatment modality. One-way sensitivity analysis was performed to determine the threshold value of the treatment modalities. Two-way sensitivity analysis was utilized to examine the joint impact of changes in probabilities of two parameters. RESULTS: The decision model favored autologous bone marrow injection. The expected value of autologous bone marrow injection was 0.9445, while those of observation, steroid injection, decompression, and curettage and bone graft were 0.9318, 0.9400, 0.9395, and 0.9342, respectively. One-way sensitivity analysis showed that autologous bone marrow injection was better than that of decompression for the expected value when the rate of pathologic fracture, or positive symptoms of SBC after autologous bone marrow injection, was lower than 20.4%. CONCLUSIONS: In our study, autologous bone marrow injection was found to be the best choice of treatment of SBC. However, the results were sensitive to the rate of pathologic fracture after treatment of SBC. Physicians should consider the possibility of pathologic fracture when they determine a treatment method for SBC.

Percutaneous Curettage and Allogenic Bone Grafting with Bone Marrow in Management of Simple Bone Cyst.

Introduction: Simple bone cyst or unicameral bone cysts are benign osteolytic lesions seen in metadiaphysis of long bones in growing children. Various treatment modalities with variable outcomes has been described in the literature. Case report show novel surgical technique of minimally invasive method of treatment with better outcome. Case study: A 14-year-old boy diagnosed as active simple bone cyst proximal humerus with pathological fracture. Patient was treated by minimally invasive percutaneous curettage with curved titanium elastic nail (TENS) and allogenic bone grafting mixed with bone marrow under image intensifier guidance. Results: Pathological fracture was healed and allograft filled in the cavity well taken-up. Patient achieved full range of motion with successful outcome. Conclusion: Minimally invasive percutaneous method using elastic intramedullary nail give benefit of curettage cyst decompression and stabilization of fracture. Allogenic bone graft fills the cavity and healing of lesion occurs by osteointegration. This method may be considered with advantage of minimally invasive technique in treatment of benign cystic lesions of bone. Level of evidence: Therapeutic level IV.

Tratamiento de quiste óseo traumáticomandibular de grandes dimensiones: revisión de la literatura y reporte de un caso / Treatment of a large mandibular traumatic bone cyst: literature review and case report

Antecedentes: El quiste óseo traumático o simple se presenta en el área maxilofacial demanera más frecuente en la región posterior mandibular; su dimensión es usualmente de1-3 cm de diámetro y se trata convencionalmente con curetaje óseo. Método: Se realizauna revisión de la literatura y se presenta el caso de un quiste óseo mandibular de grandesdimensiones para el que se propone una alternativa terapéutica a la que se utiliza actualmentepara los seudoquistes de grandes dimensiones. Resultados: El caso correspondea una paciente de diecinueve años de edad con un diagnóstico de quiste óseo simplemandibular de gran dimensión (10 cm de diámetro mayor), quien fue tratada en el HospitalRegional Vicente Corral Moscoso, del Ministerio de Salud de Ecuador. La terapia consistióen curetaje intracavitario e injerto autólogo de cresta iliaca, el cual mostró adecuadosresultados rápidos y adecuados en la reconstrucción de la mandíbula...

Background: The traumatic or simple bone cyst is frequently found in the maxillofacial areamostly in the posterior body of the mandible; its average diameter is 1-3 cm and the usualtreatment is bone curettage. Method: A review of literature and a case of a large mandibulartraumatic bone cyst are presented. An alternative therapy to treat large pseudocysts isproposed. Results: A 19-year-old female patient with diagnosis of a large simple bone cyst(diameter: 10 cm) was treated at the Regional “Vicente Corral Moscoso” Hospital that isaffiliated to the Ministry of Health of Ecuador. The treatment consisted of intracavitary curettageand autologous iliac crest bone graft, achieving a fast and adequate bone mandiblereconstruction...

Cisto Ósseo Simples - Relato de Caso / Simple Bone Cyst - Case Report

O cisto ósseo simples (COS) tem sido uma entidade descrita nos ossos longos, desde 1832, e sua localização maxilar foi primeiramente relatada em 1929. Essa lesão intraóssea é também conhecida pela sua variedade de sinônimos, tais como: cisto ósseo traumático, cisto ósseo hemorrágico, cavidade óssea idiopática, cisto ósseo progressivo, cisto ósseo solitário, além de outras definições. O presente trabalho relata um caso clínico de paciente acometida por um COS em região de sínfise mandibular, focando-se nos aspectos relacionados à etiologia, epidemiologia e tratamento desse tipo de lesão mediante de revisão da literatura.

The simple bony cyst (SBC) it has been a described entity, in the long bones, since 1832, and your maxillary location was told firstly in 1929. That lesion intraosseus is also known by your variety of synonyms, such as: traumatic bony cyst, cyst bony hemorragic, cavity bony idiopatic, progressive bony cyst, solitary bony cyst, besides other definitions. The present work tells a clinical case of patient attacked by a COS in surface of symphysis mandibulary, emphasize in the aspects related to the aetiology, epidemiology and treatment of this lesion type, through revision of the literature.

Conservative Management in Simple Bone Cyst / 대한골관절종양학회지

PURPOSE: This study evaluated the results of conservative treatment for simple bone cyst. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied 126 cases of simple bone cyst, which were treated by observation or steroid injection from February 1990 to May 2010. Their mean age at diagnosis was 14 years (+/-9 years, 2-60 years) and the mean follow-up duration for this study were 41 months (+/-37 months, 12-159 months). Observation and steroid injection was applied for conservative management of simple bone cyst and results was scored by modified Neer classification. RESULTS: 31 cases (24.6%) were treated by observation and 95 cases (75.4%) were treated by steroid injection. The 95 patients were treated by a mean of 1.1 (+/-0.9, 0-4) steroid injections and a single steroid injection was given in 65 cases (51.6%). The 102 cases (80.9%) were resulted in modified Neer classification I and II which could be considered as healing of simple bone cyst. CONCLUSION: Conservative management can be considered as an initial treatment for simple bone cyst with good result.

Pathologic Fracture of Unicameral Bone Cyst / 대한골관절종양학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to observe unicameral bone cyst (UBC) outcome after the fracture has healed and if there is any identifiable prognostic factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 13 UBC patients with pathologic fracture from 2001 to 2010 were reviewed. The mean follow up were 26 months (3-90 months). There were 11 male and 2 female patients and the mean age of the patients were 10.2 years old (6-16 years). 9 involved proximal humerusand 2 involved humerus shaft and 1 involved proximal femur and 1 involved proximal tibia. The treatment of UBC fracture was conservative cast application to heal the fracture initially, and 1 patient was treated with primary auto bone graft and open reduction with internal fixation. 5 patients were treated with steroid injection during follow up period and 2 patients with auto bone graft. We analyzed the change of UBC during pathologic fracture healing period and prognostic factor about age, the size of UBC, the involvement of physis. RESULTS: The mean duration of the fracture healing was 8.2 months. Complete healing were occurred at 4 patients (31%). No statiscal difference was checked with age about UBC healing (p=0.42). But, more larger size about UBC and more closer to physis, the healing was difficult (p=0.05, p=0.03). CONCLUSION: While pathologic fracture of UBC was possibly healed, active treatment should be applied especially those cysts that involvescloser area of the physis or large size.

Cisto ósseo simples: avaliação radiográfica, anatomopatológica e clínica de seis casos / Simple bone cyst: radiographic, histopathological and clinical evaluation of six cases

Objetivo - Segundo a Organização Mundial de Saúde, o Cisto Ósseo Simples (COS) é um pseudocisto intra-ósseo destituído de epitélio, vazio ou preenchido com fluído seroso ou sanguinolento. Primeiramente descrito na Odontologia por Carl D. Lucas, em 1929 e posteriormente por Theodor Blum, em 1932. A etiologia é incerta e inúmeras hipóteses têm sido propostas: trauma-hemorragia é a mais aceita. Geralmente, é uma lesão assintomática, encontrada em exames radiográficos de rotina, que acomete pacientes jovens (entre a segunda e terceira década de vida), sendo frequente em mandíbula, na região posterior. Radiograficamente, apresenta-se como radiolucência bem delimitada, com tendência a interdigitações entre as raízes dentárias. Nos aspectos histológicos destacam-se a membrana delgada de tecido conjuntivo vascular e a ausência de tecido epitelial de revestimento, classificando-o como pseudocisto. Métodos - São apresentados seis casos de cisto ósseo simples, tabulados segundo idade, sexo, localização, histórico de trauma, avaliação intra e extra-oral, imagem radiográfica, diagnóstico diferencial, tratamento e diagnóstico histopatológico, em pacientes do Serviço de Estomatologia do Hospital Heliópolis-São Paulo/SP. Resultados - Todos pacientes jovens, com lesão em região posterior de mandíbula, descoberta a partir de exame radiográfico de rotina, com imagem radiolúcida e bem definida. Apenas dois pacientes relataram trauma na região. Todos receberam tratamento cirúrgico, sendo que todas as cavidades estavam vazias. Nenhum paciente apresentou problemas no pós-óperatório ou recorrência. Conclusão -Trata-se de um pseudocisto de etiopatogenia incerta, assintomático, encontrado em pacientes jovens, que acomete com maior freqüência a mandíbula, mostrando-se radiolúcido e bem definido em exames radiográficos de rotina.

Objective - According to theWorld Health Organization, the Simple Bone Cyst is an intraosseous pseudocyst without epithelium, empty or full of serous or bloody fluid. It was first described on Odontology by Carl D. Lucas in 1929, followed by Theodor Blum that published three cases in 1932. The etiology of the lesion still controversial and several hypotheses have been proposed: the most accepted theory is the trauma-hemorrhage one. Clinically, is an asymptomatic lesion, only found in routine radiographic exams, manifested in young patients (between second and third decade of life). The site of occurrence is the posterior mandible. Radiografically, is presented as a well defined radiolucency, with scalloped borders. At histological aspects are detached the thin membrane of vascular connective tissue and the absence of epithelial tissue, what leads us to classify the simple bone cyst as a pseudocyst. Methods - Patients from Stomatology Center of the Heliópolis Hospital were evaluated. Six cases of simple bone cysts are presented, organized according age, gender, location, trauma history, oral, radiographic and histopathological analysis, and treatment. Results - All patients were young, at the posterior mandible, discovered by routine radiographies, as well defined radiolucency images. Only two patients related trauma. All of them got surgical treatment, and all cystic cavities were empty. No one presented post operative problems or recurrence. Conclusion - Simple bone cyst is a pseudocyst of uncertain etiology, asymptomatic, manifested in young patients' mandible as a well defined radiolucency in routine radiographic exams.

Cisto ósseo simples em pacientes sob tratamento ortodôntico: relato de dois casos / Simple bone cyst in orthodontic treated patients: report of two cases

INTRODUÇÃO: o cisto ósseo simples (cisto ósseo traumático, cisto ósseo hemorrágico, cisto ósseo solitário) é uma lesão não-neoplásica que representa aproximadamente 1 por cento de todos os cistos maxilares, acometendo as regiões de corpo e sínfise de mandíbula com maior freqüência. Trata-se de uma cavidade intra-óssea delimitada por fina camada de tecido conjuntivo frouxo, sem revestimento epitelial. É uma lesão assintomática comumente identificada em exames radiográficos de rotina, apresentando imagem radiolúcida unilocular bem definida. Sua etiopatogênese não está bem esclarecida, mas acredita-se que o trauma local seja um fator relacionado ao seu desenvolvimento. OBJETIVO: este trabalho relata dois casos de cisto ósseo simples descobertos em exames radiográficos de rotina de pacientes que estavam sob tratamento ortodôntico. RELATO DOS CASOS E DISCUSSÃO: em ambos os casos a hipótese diagnóstica foi confirmada através de biópsia incisional e exame histopatológico. O tratamento escolhido foi a curetagem óssea, radiografias panorâmicas de controle pós-operatório mostraram reparo ósseo no local. Nestes casos, discute-se se há relação do trauma associado ao tratamento ortodôntico com o surgimento do cisto ósseo simples, ou se representa apenas um achado radiográfico, que é mais freqüente nestes pacientes devido ao maior controle radiográfico a que são submetidos.

INTRODUCTION: simple bone cyst (traumatic bone cyst, hemorrhagic bone cyst, solitary bone cyst) is a non-neoplastic lesion which represents about 1 percent of all maxillary cysts, found mainly in mandibular body and symphysis. It is an intraosseous cavity covered by thin, loose fibrous connective tissue, without epithelial lining. Simple bone cysts are asymptomatic and are commonly found in routine radiographic examination as a well defined unilocular radiolucent lesion. Its etiopathogenesis remains obscure, but the local trauma is frequently related to its occurrence. OBJECTIVE: this article reports two cases of simple bone cyst found in routine radiographic examination of orthodontic treated patients. CASE REPORT AND DISCUSSION: in both cases, the clinical diagnosis was confirmed by biopsy and histological examination. The patients underwent surgical exploration and a radiographic follow up showed evidence of local healing. This study discuss if there is a relationship between the orthodontic trauma and the occurrence of simple bone cyst in these patients, or if it represents an incidental finding, since they are most frequently submitted to radiographic examination.

Quiste óseo simple como posible complicacion al tratamiento ortodontico / Simple bone cyst as a possible complication orthodontic treatment

El quiste óseo simple, es una cavidad intraósea sin recubrimiento epitelial, tiene una etiología traumática en un 25 por ciento de los casos, también puede originarse de un infarto en la médula ósea o del hueso esponjoso, degeneración quística de algún tumor previo o alteración en el proceso de  osificación. Representa del 0,2 al 1 por ciento de la patología quística maxilar y se presentan generalmente de forma asintomática en la mandíbula de jóvenes entre los 5 y los 25 años. El pronóstico del quiste óseo simple, tras curetaje  de la cavidad es excelente, incluso para la vitalidad pulpar de los dientes involucrados. Se presenta una revisión de la literatura del quiste óseo simple y su relación al trauma ocasionado por fuerzas excesivas durante el tratamiento de ortodontico

This solitary injury generally appears both sides and in minor frequency, without epithelial cover and surrounded by osseous walls.  It can be empty or liquid content. Frequently, it is not diagnosed by a clinical examination but with a panoramic.  It is asymtomatic, does not produce pulpar alterations in the radiography teeth.  It is observed as a well limited radiolucide image.  The biologreal response to the orthodontic treatment does not only include the response of the periodontal ligament, but also the zone of growth outside the dentition, specially in the suture of the upper jaw and in the osseous surface of both sides of the T.M.J

Histologic Base of Mild 18F-FDG Uptake in Simple Bone Cyst of Adult Rib: A Case Report with Multi-image Correlation / 핵의학분자영상

Simple bone cyst (SBC) is very rare in adult ribs. The diagnosis basically relies on conventional radiography and occasionally on CT. There has been no earlier publication on PET/CT diagnosis of SBC. We report a case of adult costal SBC diagnosed by positive 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake. Histology showed the FDG uptake to be associated with reactive woven bone formation and nonspecific chronic inflammation. Correlation of PET, CT, plain radiography and sonography are also described.

Simple bone cysts of two brothers / 대한구강악안면방사선학회지

17-year-old and 14-year-old brothers were referred for evaluation of the cystic lesions on the mandibular anterior area with no symptoms. Neither their mother nor the brothers could recall any past trauma to those areas. Panoramic and intraoral radiographs revealed moderately defined cystic lesions on their mandibular anterior areas. Biopsies on both lesions revealed simple bone cysts. Hereditary cause or familial history of simple bone cysts could not be found in literature review. This case may have been a coincidence. However, further investigation is needed to find the cause of simple bone cysts occurring in patients those are closely related.

Fatal pulmonary embolism following percutaneous autologous marrow and MIIGTM115(Minimally-Invasive Injectable Graft) injection into simple bone cyst / 대한법의학회지

A 14-old girl presented to the general hospital with a fracture of the proximal metaphysis of the right humerus. Conventional radiography, CT and MR imaging revealed simple bone cyst of the right humerus. Percutaneous autologous marrow and MIIGTM115 injection into simple bone cyst were performed under general anesthesia. But the patient did not fully regain consciousness and showed no response to central pain. The post-interventional cardiac echocardiogram demonstrated pulmonary embolism. Despite subsequent thrombolytic therapy, the patient died 1hour later. The legal autopsy was performed at National Institute of Scientific Investigation.

Treatment of Simple Bone Cysts with Percutaneous Injection of Autogenous Bone Marrow with Crushed Cancellous Allograft / 대한정형외과학회잡지

PURPOSE: This study evaluated the feasibility and efficacy of a percutaneous injection of a mixture of autogenous bone marrow and crushed cancellous bone allografts for the treatment of simple bone cysts. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifteen patients with a simple bone cyst were enrolled in this study. The mean age was 13.5 years (range, 4-32 years), and the mean follow-up period was 13.2 months (range, 8-19 months). The radiographic signs of the resolution of the cyst were categorized as healed, healed with a defect, persistent and recurrent. The groups of healed and healed with a defect were designated the positive response groups. RESULTS: Fourteen patients responded to the treatment. Nine patients showed complete healing that was first seen radiographically at 3 months (range, 1-6 months). Five patients showed healing with a defect, but no patient required a second injection because the cysts were small and did not cause functional pain. There was no correlation between clinical responses and age, gender, location, cyst index and previous treatment modalities. One patient had a pathological fracture, which was treated successfully by open bone grafting with flexible intramedullary nailing. CONCLUSION: A percutaneous injection of a mixture of autogenous bone marrow and a crushed cancellous bone allograft may be an effective treatment for simple bone cysts.